马兰黄酮类化合物的提取及其抗氧化活性

为了探索以亚临界水萃取马兰黄酮类化合物的效果,以得率为指标,通过单因素和正交试验,优选其萃取工艺参数,并对所得黄酮类化合物的抗氧化性能进行测定。结果表明,在压力为5.0 MPa,温度160℃、提取时间25 min、水料比为20∶1 mL/g的条件下马兰黄酮类化合物的得率为9.01%。与水和乙醇回流提取法（马兰黄酮类化合物得率分别为5.12%和7.13%）相比,亚临界水萃取在提取时间和得率方面均有明显的优势,所得马兰黄酮类化合物在一定浓度范围内具有较强的清除自由基和抗氧化能力。研究结果为马兰黄酮类化合物的开发提供参考。     

番茄果实品质和叶片保护酶对水肥水平的响应

通过3个土壤相对含水量（W1,50%～60%; W2,7～0%80%; W3,90%～100%）和3个施肥水平（F1,N 0.187 g/kg+ P2O5 0.131 g/kg; F2,N 0.267g/kg+ P2O5 0.187 g/kg; F3,N 0.347 g/kg+ P2O5 0.243 g/kg）共9个处理的盆栽试验,研究了番茄结果期果实品质、叶片保护酶及叶绿素含量的变化规律,旨在为番茄结果期合理的水肥管理提供理论依据。结果表明: 在整个结果期,W1F2处理有利于提高果实品质; W2F2处理下果实中的渗透物质（游离氨基酸）保持着较高水平,且叶片保护酶活性较高,丙二醛含量低; W2F3处理的叶片叶绿素含量保持较高水平,W2F2处理番茄果实单株产量高。相关分析表明: 果实品质与超氧化物歧化酶、叶绿素含量呈正相关,而与丙二醛含量呈负相关; 游离氨基酸含量与过氧化物酶活性、脯氨酸含量呈显著正相关,而与丙二醛含量呈显著负相关。综合分析,番茄结果期较优的水肥组合为N 0.267g/kg+P2O5 0.187g/kg和70%80%的土壤相对含水量。     

镉硫交互对东南景天抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过营养液培养试验研究不同硫镉水平对超积累东南景天抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,在增施镉水平下东南景天叶片的MDA含量随着硫水平增加显著降低,Cd0水平下S2处理显著降低MDA含量达12.4%。相反,东南景天叶片的MDA含量随着镉水平的提高显著增加18.4%～137.7%。镉硫交互对超积累东南景天叶片抗氧化酶活性有显著影响。超积累东南景天叶片SOD活性随着硫、镉水平的增加而增加,以S3〉S2〉S1,Cd100〉Cd10〉Cd0。增施硫显著提高Cd10和Cd100水平下东南景天叶片POD活性。在S1,S2水平下,增加Cd水平东南景天叶片POD活性显著增加,POD活性以Cd10〉Cd100〉Cd0。超积累东南景天叶片CAT活性随着硫水平增加而增加8.9%～21.3%,CAT活性随着Cd水平的增加而显著增加,增幅以S1和S2水平下较大。随着S,Cd水平的增加东南景天叶片的APX活性显著增加。镉硫交互对4种抗氧化酶的效应以APX〉CAT〉POD〉SOD。     

乌兰布和沙区绿洲农田土壤微生物及酶活性研究

以撂荒地为对照,通过测定0-20cm和20-40cm层次土样,利用统计分析方法系统研究乌兰布和沙区籽瓜、玉米、油葵和苜蓿地4种绿洲农田土壤微生物（细菌、放线菌和真菌）和土壤酶活性（蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、蛋白酶和多酚氧化酶）特征。结果表明：（1）各农田微生物数量均为细菌（107）〉放线菌（105）〉真菌（103）,三者中,细菌数量占三大类微生物总数的99%以上;各农田表层微生物数量整体高于对照的,且表层均高于下层,但差异不显著;农田间,籽瓜地微生物数量最多;种植苜蓿可显著提升真菌数量。（2）6种酶活性中,仅蔗糖酶和脲酶在层次间和农田间存在显著差异;各农地表层蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶活性均高于对照的;除多酚氧化酶外,苜蓿地酶活性整体较高。（3）各生物学性质相互关联,互相影响。6种酶间呈显著或极显著相关,酶活性既显专性又显共性;蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、多酚氧化酶、真菌和放线菌直接影响有机质含量的程度达85%;总体而言,乌兰布和沙区绿洲体系形成后,长期农作活动使得绿洲农田生物学性质得以改善,土壤质量整体有所提高;设法提高研究区土壤有机质含量是提高绿洲农田土壤质量和改善其生态环境的关键所在,应广种苜蓿。     

Soil amendment with agro‐industrial byproducts: molecular‐chemical compositions and effects on soil biochemical activities and phosphorus fractions

Environmental pollution by agro‐industrial byproducts in developing countries can be alleviated by recycling into soils. However, little is known about their chemical composition and impact on soil fertility. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were (1) to characterize the molecular‐chemical composition of dry (COD) and wet (COW) coffee, sisal (SIS), barley malt of brewery (BEB), and sugarcane processing (FIC) byproducts, and filter cakes of linseed (LIC) and niger seed (NIC) and (2) to evaluate their effects on respiration, pH, enzyme activities, and P fractions of a tropical soil. The agro‐industrial byproducts significantly differed in their concentrations of plant nutrients and organic‐matter compositions. The highest proportions of lipids, phenols + lignin monomers, and alkylaromatics were observed in COD, N‐containing compounds in COW, sterols in FIC, peptides in LIC, suberin in SIS, and fatty acid in COW and FIC. The application of the byproducts at the rate of 40 kg P ha^–1 (1.1 to 13.2 g C [kg soil]^–1) significantly (p < 0.05) increased the rate and cumulative soil respiration, soil pH, acid phosphatase and urease activities, and labile inorganic P over the control treatment. Ranking the qualities of the agro‐industrial byproducts for soil amendment based on their composition and effects on soil properties revealed the order NIC > LIC > BEB > COW > SIS > FIC > COD.     

安吉白茶阶段性返白过程中的生理生化变化

对安吉白茶春季返白过程中保护性酶活力及其生化成分的变化作了检测,结果表明,安吉白茶 芽梢在早春返白过程中,过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活力升高,而超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活 力降低;脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、叶绿素（ＣＨ）、儿茶素、咖啡因等含量则下降,芽梢复绿后,ＰＯＤ 活力降低,ＣＡＴ,ＳＯＤ 活力回升;叶绿素,ＭＤＡ,儿茶素和咖啡固含量也上升。     

发酵亚麻籽饼对肉鸡生长性能、免疫及抗氧化功能的影响

试验旨在研究发酵亚麻籽饼对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化功能及免疫功能的影响.选取180只1日龄健康、体重约为(46.37±1.09)g的爱拔益嘉肉鸡,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡.试验分为两个阶段:前期(1～21 d)和后期(22～42 d).对照组(CON组)饲喂玉米-豆粕型日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加5...     

Influence of inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments on soil organic matter and soil microbial properties under tropical conditions

 Soil organic matter level, mineralizable C and N, microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase, urease and alkaline phosphatase activities were studied in soils from a field experiment under a pearl millet-wheat cropping sequence receiving inorganic fertilizers and a combination of inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments for the last 11 years. The amounts of soil organic matter and mineralizable C and N increased with the application of inorganic fertilizers. However, there were greater increases of these parameters when farmyard manure, wheat straw or Sesbania bispinosa green manure was applied along with inorganic fertilizers. Microbial biomass C increased from 147 mg kg^–1 soil in unfertilized soil to 423 mg kg^–1 soil in soil amended with wheat straw and inorganic fertilizers. The urease and alkaline phosphatase activities of soils increased significantly with a combination of inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments. The results indicate that soil organic matter level and soil microbial activities, vital for the nutrient turnover and long-term productivity of the soil, are enhanced by use of organic amendments along with inorganic fertilizers. Received: 6 May 1998     

鱼腥草甲醇提取物体外抗氧化性及抑菌活性评价

采用α-脱氧核糖法、邻苯三酚自氧化法、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)法体外测定了鄂西北产鱼腥草甲醇提取物的抗氧化性,同时采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法评价了其对绿色木霉、啤酒酵母菌、黑曲霉、木质层孔菌及枯草芽孢杆菌等微生物的抑制作用。结果表明:鱼腥草甲醇提取物具有一定抗氧化性和抑菌活性,在试验浓度范围内,抗氧化活性及抑菌活性与其质量浓度呈量效关系。     

Ca2+和Sr2+联合处理对油菜抗氧化酶活性的影响

[目的]为了了解环境介质中同时存在Ca2+和Sr2+2种离子时油菜幼苗的抗氧化酶活性的变化。[方法]在石英砂和Hoagland营养液培养体系中,用浓度为0、10、20和40 mmol/L SrCl2及浓度为0、5和10 mmol/L Ca(NO3)2处理3叶龄油菜幼苗。在处理0、7、14和21 d后,分别取样测定POD、CAT和SOD的活性。[结果]在相同的Sr2+浓度下,随着Ca2+浓度的增加,POD活性增加,Ca2+明显缓解Sr2+对油菜幼苗的毒害作用。[结论]该研究从抗氧化角度初步阐明油菜具有较高富集Sr2+能力的机理,为利用油菜对锶污染环境进行植物修复提供理论依据。